Effects of drinking coffee on an empty stomach
Drinking coffee on an empty stomach can affect people in different ways, but here’s what typically happens in the body—both the good and the not-so-great.
What coffee does right away
1. Stimulation of the nervous system:
Coffee quickly raises levels of adrenaline and dopamine.
On an empty stomach, this effect can feel stronger—more alertness, faster heart rate, and sometimes a jittery or anxious feeling.
2. Increase in stomach acid:
Coffee stimulates the production of gastric acid.
Without food to buffer that acid, it can irritate the stomach lining, leading to:
Burning or gnawing stomach pain,
Acid reflux or heartburn,
Nausea in sensitive people.
Hormones and blood sugar
3. Cortisol spike:
Coffee increases cortisol (the “stress hormone”), especially in the morning when cortisol is already naturally high. Drinking it without food may amplify this effect, which can:
Increase feelings of stress or nervousness
Disrupt appetite signals later in the day
4. Blood sugar fluctuations
In some people, coffee on an empty stomach can:
Raise blood sugar briefly
Lead to a sharper crash later, causing fatigue, shakiness, or irritability
This is more noticeable in people who are sensitive to caffeine or prone to hypoglycemia.
Digestive effects
5. Faster bowel movements:
Coffee stimulates colon contractions.
On an empty stomach, this effect can be stronger, sometimes causing urgency or loose stools.
Possible benefits: (for some people)
Not everyone reacts negatively.
Some people experience:
Better mental focus,
Appetite suppression (useful for intermittent fasting)
No stomach discomfort at all.
If you tolerate it well, it isn’t inherently harmful.
Who should be cautious?
You may want to avoid coffee on an empty stomach if you have:
Acid reflux or GERD,
Gastritis or ulcers,
Anxiety or panic sensitivity,
Blood sugar regulation issues,
How to make it gentler.
If you enjoy morning coffee but want fewer side effects:
Drink a glass of water first, have coffee with or after a light snack (even a banana or toast helps)
Choose low-acid coffee or cold brew,
Add a little milk or cream to reduce acidity,
Limit very strong or multiple cups early on.
Bottom line:
Coffee on an empty stomach isn’t dangerous for most people, but it can irritate the stomach, spike stress hormones, and worsen jitters in sensitive individuals.
Paying attention to how your body responds is the best guide.
Thank you for reading,
Tim.
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